On the Transmission of Plague by Xenopsylla Astia and X. Cheopis. Preliminary Observations *Being a paper read at the Indian Science Congress, Lahore, in January, 1927.
نویسنده
چکیده
It is scarcely necessary to emphasize the .j important part played by fleas in the dissemina; tion of plague. The experimental researches of the Indian Plague Commission (1906) have definitely established the transmission of bubonic plague from rat to rat, from rat to man, and from man to man by the agency of rat fleas. Though over 25 species of Xcnopsylla are known to entomologists, only three specie^, namely, X. clicopis, X. astia, and X. brasiliensis have up to the present been found on Indian rats. A', brasilicnsis has a very limited distribution; X. clicopis and X. astia are extremely common in India. Since the differentiation of these three species by Rothschild (1914), much lime has been devoted to the consideration of the question of the relative efficiency of X. ckeopis and .Y. astia as carriers of plague. Hirst first suggested in 1914 that the plague-free districts of the Madras (Presidency owe their freedom from plague to the predominance of X. astia. Later, in 1923 he brought forward experimental evidence in support of his hypothesis that X. astia was a relatively less efficient vector of plague than X. chcopis. 'The question was taken up by Taylor and Chitre (1923), who using Madras rats as their test animals, reported that in their series of eleven experiments, there was successful transmission in four cases "with X. chcopis and in three with X. astia under parallel conditions. In the guinea-pig series of eight experiments, X. chcopis carried in all the eight, whereas only one experiment was successful
منابع مشابه
The Food Value of the Nut of Trapa Bispinosa *Being a paper read at the Indian Science Congress, Lahore, in January, 1927.
متن کامل
Ectoparasites of Rodents Captured in Bandar Abbas, Southern Iran
BACKGROUND Rodents play important role as host of ectoparasites and reservoir of different zoonotic diseases. The aim of this study was to asses the infestation of commensal rodents with ectoparasites in Bandar Abbas, a port city located in the northern part of the Persian Gulf in Iran. METHODS Rodents were captured using live traps during the study period in year 2007. After transferring the...
متن کاملEarly-phase transmission of Yersinia pestis by unblocked Xenopsylla cheopis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) is as efficient as transmission by blocked fleas.
For almost a century, the oriental rat flea, Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild) (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), was thought to be the most efficient vector of the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis (Yersin). Approximately 2 wk after consuming an infectious bloodmeal, a blockage often forms in the flea's proventriculus, which forces the flea to increase its biting frequency and consequently increases the ...
متن کاملEvaluation of the Murine Immune Response to Xenopsylla cheopis Flea Saliva and Its Effect on Transmission of Yersinia pestis
BACKGROUND/AIMS Arthropod-borne pathogens are transmitted into a unique intradermal microenvironment that includes the saliva of their vectors. Immunomodulatory factors in the saliva can enhance infectivity; however, in some cases the immune response that develops to saliva from prior uninfected bites can inhibit infectivity. Most rodent reservoirs of Yersinia pestis experience fleabites regula...
متن کاملPlague foci in Viet Nam: zoological and parasitological aspects.
Reported are the results of studies over the period 1989-94 on host-flea complexes in small mammals and their flea ectoparasites in and around a number of human settlements in Viet Nam in which human cases of plague had been found. Collections were also made in savanna and tropical forest areas within a 10-km radius of the settlements. The greatest numbers of small mammals, for the most part Ra...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره 62 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2016